GCSE Geography Paper 3 Vocabulary Flashcards

GCSE Geography Paper 3: Administrative Information and Definitions

• Examination Details: AQA GCSE Geography Paper 3, Geographical applications. Date: Friday 14 June 2024, Morning session. Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes.

• Total Marks Available: 76 marks.

• Required Materials: Pre-release resources booklet, OS key insert, pencil, rubber, ruler, and a calculator.

• Key Geography Classifications:

  • HIC: Higher Income Country.

  • LIC: Lower Income Country.

  • NEE: Newly Emerging Economy.

• Assessment of Specific Skills: Spelling, punctuation, grammar, and specialist terminology (SPaG) are assessed in questions 03 and 05.4.

Section A - Issue Evaluation: England's National Housing Challenge

• Housing Demand and Supply (Reference Figure 1):

  • The National Housing Federation (NHF) determined the housing demand in England to be $340,000$ homes.

  • Questions focus on the mismatch between this demand and the actual new housing supply provided in 2018.

• Affordability Dynamics:

  • Requires description of the relationship between average house prices and average household income in England based on 2019 data.

  • Discussion Statement: "The housing challenge in England is not just about building more houses."

• Urban Regeneration and Development Strategies:

  • Brownfield Development: Strategies for using previously developed land to regenerate urban areas.

  • Urban Sprawl: Defined by its damaging effects on the environment, typically including the loss of green space and increased infrastructure pressure.

Case Study: The Proposed Tudeley Village Development

• Location and Accessibility (Reference Figure 2):

  • Paddock Wood is a settlement located near Tudeley Village.

  • The approximate straight-line distance between Tonbridge railway station and the proposed Tudeley Village railway station must be calculated using the Ordnance Survey (OS) map (Options: $2\,km$, $4\,km$, $6\,km$, $8\,km$).

• Physical Geography Evaluation:

  • Relief: The shape and height of the landscape north of the Tonbridge to Paddock Wood railway line.

  • Drainage: The river systems and water management features in the area north of the railway line.

• Settlement Sustainability:

  • Evaluation of Tudeley Village as a sustainable settlement using evidence from Figure 3.

  • Social Attraction: Identification of reasons people would be attracted to live in the proposed development.

Section B - Fieldwork Enquiry 1: Public Bus Service Usage

• Core Hypothesis: "The cost of fares is the most important factor in encouraging the use of local bus services."

• Data Collection: 50 people interviewed regarding their views on local bus services.

• Interview Results (Figure 4):

  • Cost of Fares: Very poor ($16$), Poor ($21$), Reasonable ($13$), Good ($0$), Very good ($0$).

  • Availability: Very poor ($7$), Poor ($25$), Reasonable ($13$), Good ($5$), Very good ($0$).

  • Punctuality: Very poor ($16$), Poor ($13$), Reasonable ($17$), Good ($4$), Very good ($0$).

  • Cleanliness: Very poor ($0$), Poor ($8$), Reasonable ($29$), Good ($9$), Very good ($4$).

• Encouraging Frequency factors:

  • Cheaper fares: $23$ people.

  • Increased frequency: $14$ people.

  • Shorter journey times: $11$ people.

  • Increased parking charges: $2$ people.

• Statistical Calculation:

  • Percentage of people considering cleanliness reasonable: $\frac{29}{50} \times 100 = 58\%$.

Fieldwork Enquiry 2: Environmental Quality of Business vs. Industrial Sites

• Topic: Comparison of modern business parks with older industrial estates regarding environmental quality.

• Comparison Observations (Figure 5):

  • Old Industrial Estate Functions: Car repairs/spraying, metal workshop, sand/gravel distribution, oil/coal distribution centre, parcel distribution centre, wood workshop, furniture retailer.

  • Business Park Functions: Landscaped car parks, gym, computer services/repairs, business finance centre, design centre, business call centre, secure storage facility.

• Environmental Quality Survey (EQS) Scores (0-5 scale):

  • Old Industrial Estate: Attractiveness ($2$), Maintenance ($2$), Litter/waste ($2$), Vandalism/graffiti ($3$), Water/ground pollution ($2$), Landscaping/planting ($1$). Total Score: $12$. Mean Score: $2$.

  • Business Park: Attractiveness ($4$), Maintenance ($4$), Litter/waste ($4$), Vandalism/graffiti ($3$), Water/ground pollution ($4$), Landscaping/planting ($5$).

  • Business Park Calculation:

    • Total Score: $4 + 4 + 4 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 24$.

    • Mean Score: $\frac{24}{6} = 4$.

Fieldwork Enquiry 3: River Velocity Observations Downstream

• Core Hypothesis: "The velocity (speed) of a river increases downstream."

• Methodology:

  • Three sites (A: Upstream, B, C: Downstream) used, each $1\,km$ apart.

  • Measuring time for a ball to travel $10\,m$ (repeated five times per site).

• Data Measurements (Seconds for 10m Distance):

  • Site A (Upstream): $26, 24, 22, 24, 25$.

  • Site B: $22, 23, 18, 20, 24$.

  • Site C (Downstream): $20, 18, 20, 18, 19$.

• Mathematical Formula Used:

  • $\text{Average velocity (metres per second)} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Average time taken}}$

• Data Presentation: Dispersion graphs are utilized to show the range of recorded times at each site.

Fieldwork Project Synthesis: Planning and Evaluation

• Risk Assessment: Vital part of planning to ensure safety during geographical data collection.

• Data Presentation Techniques: Use of graphs (e.g., dispersion, line, pie, bar) or maps (e.g., dot, land use, flow line) must be justified based on the enquiry type.

• Methodological Assessment: Evaluating the effectiveness of data collection methods (e.g., timing objects in a river or functional surveys in urban zones).

• Conclusion Reliability: Assessing the extent to which gathered results correctly test the initial hypothesis or answer the enquiry question.