image

MOLECULAR

INTRODUCTORY INFO In all living organisms, genetic material is mainly made up of molecules of a nucleic acid called DNA- deoxyribonucleic acid. Genetic material is like an instruction manual that: Controls the processes needed to build and make the cell work. 

 Provides the guidelines for each call type to coordinate with one another to build a fully operational multicelular organism.

on organism different cells but the same genetic material

every At the onset of embryonic development, ale celes

are clike. However, depending on their parition in the embryo, each

cell goes through

distinct process of cell differentiation and develops into

a

differentiated cell

Each of these cele

a specialized morphology and physiology that allows them to perform a specific biological function. Despite being identicce, organisms contain

>

various cell types because each ce type follows different instructions from the

great instruction manual that is DNA.! -

Human body cells acquire different characteristics because they follow different instructions within the same

genetic material

- With the exception of sex cells, any two cells from the same body contain the son

genetic materice

chemical structure of the DNA Molecule

DNA molecules consist of two very long strands of nucleotides twisted together, forming

FAVAA'AV

spring called a double helix.

DNA strands contain four types of nucleotides, each with a

Cystosine

different nitrogenous base:

Granire& complementary bases

Thyming

Adenine

-

The two strands are twisted thanks to the attractive forces hydrogen bonds, that

the boses on one strand of DNA evert on the other. Hydrogen bonds any form

between the complementary bases