CARBON AND FUNCTIONAL GROUPS 

- A single carbon atom cannot form 3 single and 1 double bond 

-Carbon is tetravalent (able to form 4 bonds ) 

- Molecule shape can e: chains, ring shaped, branched 

- It has 4 valence electrons 

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS: 

-Functional groups attached to the carbon skeleton have diverse properties 

- Hydroxyl consists of O, H, R is a polar group 

- Methyl consists of CH3 and R is a non polar group 

- Carbonyl consists of O, OH, C, R is a polar group 

- Carboxyl can release H+ ions in solution, it is considered acidic 

- Amino can remove H+ ions in solution considered basic 

- Phosphate releases H+ ions into the solution, is considered acidic 

- Sulfhydryl is a polar group that consists of R, S, H